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AI Lakehouse

What is an AI Lakehouse?

An AI Lakehouse is an architectural paradigm that combines elements of data lakes and data warehouses to support advanced AI and machine learning (ML) workloads. This infrastructure approach allows organizations to manage vast amounts of structured and unstructured data while enabling AI and ML workloads on the same platform. The AI lakehouse supports building and operating AI-enabled batch, real-time and LLM powered applications.

What are the differences between a Lakehouse and an AI Lakehouse?

The main difference between a Lakehouse and an AI Lakehouse lies in the specific infrastructure and capabilities they offer, particularly in relation to supporting artificial AI and ML workloads. A lakehouse is effectively a modular data warehouse that decouples the separate concerns of storage, transactions, compute and metadata. However, an AI Lakehouse extends this architecture by adding components specifically designed for AI/ML, such as an Online Store and Vector Index. 

The  AI Lakehouse therefore builds on the lakehouse architecture and  optimizes it for AI and ML applications allowing a more robust MLOps approach to the deployment and management of AI projects. Below, you can see  Hopsworks’ AI Lakehouse architecture with the functionalities that are needed to build and operate AI systems and apply MLOps principles on Lakehouse data.

The AI Lakehouse
The AI Lakehouse Architecture

What capabilities are needed for an AI Lakehouse?

As shown in the diagram above, certain capabilities are needed on top of a regular Lakehouse infrastructure to build and operate AI systems. These specific capabilities are present in Hopsworks AI lakehouse as the following:

  • AI pipelines: AI pipelines are structured pipelines or processes involved in developing, deploying, and maintaining ML and AI models. AI pipelines used for AI systems fall into three different categories; feature, training and inference pipelines (FTI pipelines).‍
  • AI query engine (Hopsworks Query Service): The original lakehouse infrastructure was built around SQL , their query engines do not support AI systems and Python. Hopsworks query service was built to solve this challenge and allow high speed data processing from the Lakehouse and meet AI-specific requirements; such as the creation of point-in-time correct training data and the reproduction of training data that has been deleted.  ‍
  • Catalog(s) for AI assets and metadata: Assets include feature/model registry, lineage and reproducibility.‍
  • AI infrastructure services: AI infrastructure services include model serving, a database for feature serving, a vector index for RAG, and governed datasets with unstructured data. 

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AI Pipeline
Auto-regressive Models
AutoML
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Backfill features
Backfill training data
Backpressure for feature stores
Batch Inference Pipeline
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CI/CD for MLOps
Compound AI Systems
Context Window for LLMs
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DAG Processing Model
Data Compatibility
Data Contract
Data Lakehouse
Data Leakage
Data Modeling
Data Partitioning
Data Pipelines
Data Quality
Data Transformation
Data Type (for features)
Data Validation (for features)
Data Warehouse
Data-Centric ML
Dimensional Modeling and Feature Stores
Downstream
Query Engines
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ELT
ETL
Embedding
Encoding (for Features)
Entity
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Feature
Feature Data
Feature Engineering
Feature Freshness
Feature Function
Feature Groups
Feature Logic
Feature Monitoring
Feature Pipeline
Feature Platform
Feature Reuse
Feature Selection
Feature Service
Feature Store
Feature Type
Feature Value
Feature Vector
Feature View
Filtering
Fine-Tuning LLMs
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Generative AI
Gradient Accumulation
Grouped Query Attention
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Hallucinations in LLMs
Hyperparameter
Hyperparameter Tuning
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Idempotent Machine Learning Pipelines
In Context Learning (ICL)
Inference Data
Inference Logs
Inference Pipeline
Instruction Datasets for Fine-Tuning LLMs
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LLM Code Interpreter
LLM Temperature
LLMOps
LLMs - Large Language Models
Lagged features
LangChain
Latent Space
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ML
ML Artifacts (ML Assets)
MLOps
MVPS
Machine Learning Infrastructure
Machine Learning Logs
Machine Learning Observability
Machine Learning Pipeline
Machine Learning Systems
Model Architecture
Model Bias
Model Deployment
Model Development
Model Evaluation (Model Validation)
Model Governance
Model Inference
Model Interpretability
Model Monitoring
Model Performance
Model Quantization
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Natural Language Processing (NLP)
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Offline Store
On-Demand Features
On-Demand Transformation
Online Inference Pipeline
Online Store
Online-Offline Feature Skew
Online-Offline Feature Store Consistency
Orchestration
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KServe
PagedAttention
Pandas UDF
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of LLMs
Point-in-Time Correct Joins
Precomputed Features
Prompt Engineering
Prompt Store
Prompt Tuning
Python UDF
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RLHF - Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
Real-Time Machine Learning
Recommender System
Representation Learning
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for LLMs
RoPE Scaling
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SQL UDF in Python
Sample Packing
Schema
Similarity Search
Skew
Splitting Training Data
Streaming Feature Pipeline
Streaming Inference Pipeline
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Test Set
Theory-of-Mind Tasks
Time travel (for features)
Train (Training) Set
Training Data
Training Pipeline
Training-Inference Skew
Transformation
Two-Tower Embedding Model
Types of Machine Learning
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Upstream
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Validation Set
Vector Database
Versioning (of ML Artifacts)
vLLM